As the exhaust gradually warms, it reaches a temperature high enough to initiate the catalytic reactions.
This is referred as the light-off temperature (Heck et al.,2002).
The light-off temperatures of three way catalytic converters are in the range of 523K (250oC) to 613K
(340oC) according to Burch et al. (1995). In this simulation, the light-off temperature is approximately
523K (250oC) for CO and 583K (310oC) for NO (Figures 7 - 10) which is in the range of the experimental data of
Chatterjee et al. (2001).