Community leaders including community religious leaders: 14 community members/community
leaders in the study area were encouraged to participate in two focus groups. They included five assistant village headmen, three religious leaders and six community members from eight villages. HCPs: 14 HCPs comprised 2 nurses and a director of the primary health service who worked at health promoting hospital, three traditional birth attendants (TBAs) and eight village health volunteers (VHVs). The researchers were prepared with knowledge and skills on CBPR regarding health culture and community. The open-ended questions of the interview guides were developed by the researcher’s team and were pilot-tested with Thai and Yawee-speaking individuals. An observation guide and tape-recorders was used for in-depth interviews, focus groups discussion, group meeting, and project activities. Rigor and Trustworthiness: Procedures to establish trustworthiness, credibility and confirmability were used.27, 28 Credibility was achieved through a triangulation method including observation, focus group discussion, and interviews. To achieve confirmability, the transcript, field notes, as well as data analysis were checked and rechecked, and findings were shared with research team according to four steps of research procedures. Data Collection: Qualitative data was collected through in-depth interviews of 10 mothers, three TBAs, three HCPs, eight VHVs. Six focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted with 26 mothers, 17 of their husbands and 14 community and religious leaders. Each group consisted of eight to nine people. Participative observations was conducted about the contexts and activity of participants. Preparing local researchers: Three local researchers (one VHV and two nurses) were prepared with knowledge and skills on the research process of CBPR through training by researcher (including ethical considerations) for one week in order to enhance their research ability.