Interpersonal, Intrapersonal, Bodily-Kinesthetic, and Musical. He has more recently added Naturalistic intel- ligence and has suggested that an Existential intelli- gence might exist, but that a hypothesized Spiritual intelligence does not (Gardner, 1999).
Gardner (1999) stated that his choice of the word “intelligences” was a deliberate one, noting that if he had written a book referring to “faculties” or “gifts,” it is unlikely that his theory would have garnered the attention that it has. Gardner has professed to be quite willing to refer to his eight intelligences as talents or abilities, but only if verbal and quantitative abilities are referred to as talents. Gardner has argued that there is no hierarchy of ability, and that Linguistic and Logical/ Mathematical abilities are of no greater real-life impor- tance than any of the other “intelligences”.