4. Analysis, results, and discussion
The final model has fit indices as listed in Table 2. Hu and Bentler
[57] recommended some two-index presentation strategies to indicate
a good model fit. One of the strategies is that RMSEA of 0.06 or
lower and RMR of 0.09 or lower, which is met by the final model of
this research.
Based on the SEM analysis, Fig. 5 shows the skill components as predictors
of implementation of safety management tasks and development
of safety climate. These components can be considered as important
skill components that influence construction safety. Discussions are
presented in the following sections.
Visioning (a component of conceptual skill), self-awareness
(i.e., emotional intelligence, as a component of human skill), and apparent
sincerity (a component of political skill) are initiators of the entire
relationships. Due to the involvement of project team members who
may have different backgrounds and expectations, visioning is crucial
in creating a common vision which serves as a guide and becomes a
common ground for every member towork together [58]. In the context
of this present research, safety should be part of the overall vision in
which ‘achieving zero harm’ is seen as one of the key project objectives.
Maxwell [59] considered visioning or foresight as an indispensable
quality of leadership. A vision is the energy that pushes through all difficulties.
It unites and induces people to sacrifice for accomplishing the
goal. A maxim which says ‘what you see is what you get’ cannot be any
truer in relation to this concept of visioning.
The model further reveals that visioning is a predictor of scoping
and integration (a component of conceptual skill), self-management
(a component of emotional intelligence), and social astuteness
(a component of political skill). The relationship between visioning
and scoping and integration is clear. With a vision and a set of objectives,
project management personnel are able to determine the scope
of the project, helping them develop a realistic schedule and estimate
the overall project cost [51]. Visioning also helps project management
personnel integrate various work packages and determine how they
relate to one another. A change in one work package may bring significant
impacts on other work packages. For example, the foundation
work of a building must be completed before the upper-structure
work can be started. Therefore, if the foundation work is delayed, the
upper-structure work will also be delayed. It is likely that the foundation
work is part of the critical activities, thus if it is delayed, it will
also delay other works, which will eventually delay the completion
date of the project. Furthermore, when project management personnel
understand such relationships in the project, they can make decisions
froma systemwide perspective and consider the relationships between
work packages, the requirements stated in the contracts, the expectations
of project stakeholders, and other aspects that may influence project
success, before they make any decisions.
4. Analysis, results, and discussionThe final model has fit indices as listed in Table 2. Hu and Bentler[57] recommended some two-index presentation strategies to indicatea good model fit. One of the strategies is that RMSEA of 0.06 orlower and RMR of 0.09 or lower, which is met by the final model ofthis research.Based on the SEM analysis, Fig. 5 shows the skill components as predictorsof implementation of safetymanagement tasks and developmentof safety climate. These components can be considered as importantskill components that influence construction safety. Discussions arepresented in the following sections.Visioning (a component of conceptual skill), self-awareness(i.e., emotional intelligence, as a component of human skill), and apparentsincerity (a component of political skill) are initiators of the entirerelationships. Due to the involvement of project team members whomay have different backgrounds and expectations, visioning is crucialin creating a common vision which serves as a guide and becomes acommon ground for every member towork together [58]. In the contextof this present research, safety should be part of the overall vision inwhich ‘achieving zero harm’ is seen as one of the key project objectives.Maxwell [59] considered visioning or foresight as an indispensablequality of leadership. A vision is the energy that pushes through all difficulties.It unites and induces people to sacrifice for accomplishing thegoal. A maxim which says ‘what you see is what you get’ cannot be anytruer in relation to this concept of visioning.The model further reveals that visioning is a predictor of scopingand integration (a component of conceptual skill), self-management(a component of emotional intelligence), and social astuteness(a component of political skill). The relationship between visioningand scoping and integration is clear. With a vision and a set of objectives,project management personnel are able to determine the scopeof the project, helping them develop a realistic schedule and estimatethe overall project cost [51]. Visioning also helps project managementpersonnel integrate various work packages and determine how theyrelate to one another. A change in one work package may bring significantimpacts on other work packages. For example, the foundationwork of a building must be completed before the upper-structurework can be started. Therefore, if the foundation work is delayed, theupper-structure work will also be delayed. It is likely that the foundationwork is part of the critical activities, thus if it is delayed, it willalso delay other works, which will eventually delay the completiondate of the project. Furthermore, when project management personnelunderstand such relationships in the project, they can make decisionsfroma systemwide perspective and consider the relationships betweenwork packages, the requirements stated in the contracts, the expectationsof project stakeholders, and other aspects that may influence projectsuccess, before they make any decisions.
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