Agroforestry is practiced globally by smallholder farmers. Increasingly, public–private partnerships (PPPs) are viewed as a way of facilitating benefits to smallholders from market opportunities. There are many well-established agroforestry products, and others considered intermediary and underdeveloped have potential to bring livelihood and environmental benefits through further supply chain development. Agroforestry also plays a complementary role in natural resource management. Six case studies of agroforestry PPPs provide examples of how different public and private sector organizations are contributing to enhance market supply of agroforestry products. The factors that contribute to effective partnerships as well as the challenges and future opportunities are discussed.