Following the Open Web principles laid out in the Mozilla Manifesto, web applications should be built on technologies that are open, accessible and as interoperable as possible, and should run in a standards compatible web browser without plugins, extensions or additional runtimes. In December 2010, Tim Berners-Lee – the inventor and founder of the World Wide Web – published an article in which he called the trend towards custom-built native web apps “disturbing”, because that trend divides information into separate content silos that are isolated from each other. Such content is off the Open Web, and usually under the control of an individual company. Typically, one cannot bookmark, copy or e-mail a link to such a page using a web browser. Rather, one must explicitly download,
install and use (and later upgrade) a vendor-specific app from a vendor-specific app store for each device platform to
access such content.