Before analyzing the interaction effects, we examined relationships between the main predictors
and main effects for each of the predictors in the model. As the zero-order correlation results in Table 1
show, education, English proficiency, and English preference were all positively related to both pre- and
postimmigration use of English-language newspapers and TV. Although the three moderators were all
positively related to preimmigration native-language newspaper use, the three moderators were all
negatively related to postimmigration native-language TV use. Moreover, individuals who had more
education also had higher English proficiency and higher preference to use English, and vice versa.