Treatment of cancer is by three main modalities namely surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. The hematological malignancies and lympho-prolifaretive disorders are mainly managed by chemotherapy while in solid tumors chemotherapy is used either as adjuvant or neoadjuvant. The chemotherapy is an intense and cyclic treatment and unlike surgery has many side-effects like hair loss, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Long periods of treatment, repeated hospitalizations and side-effects of chemotherapy beside the knowledge of having cancer can all affect the psyche of these patients. In context of cancer, distress is defined as extending along a continuum ranging from common normal feeling of vulnerability, sadness and fear to problems that can become disabling such as depression, anxiety and Panic, social isolation and spiritual crisis [1]. Of these, anxiety is the most commonly seen in cancer patients. It can occur in four forms i.e. situational anxiety, disease related anxiety, treatment related anxiety and as an exacerbation of pre-treatment anxiety disorder [2]. In the present study we used distress inventory for cancer version 2 (DIC 2)to measure preclinical distress [3] and hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS) to evaluate clinical case ness for anxiety and depression in patients undergoing chemotherapy to evaluate the effect of chemotherapy in these patients and other factors that may contribute to these.