Maillard reactants are not just the reducing sugars and amino acids. The common
reactive reducing sugars are xylose, ribose, glucose, fructose, lactose and maltoseand
sucrose under acidic conditions or high temperature conditions where it forms invert
sugar. Other reactive reducing moieties include carbonyl compounds formed during
lipid peroxidation (glyoxal, methylglyoxal, formaldehyde), those added from flavoring
ingredients and natural orthophenolics. The amines may be comprised of free amino
acids, the N-terminal amine of proteins or peptides, the _-amine of lysine in proteins,
aspartame (a non-nutritive sweetener) and the amine moiety in lecithin.