Larynx is "voice box" in your throat containing the vocal folds or vocal chords - Due to upright position, head moved directly above the spinal column and larynx dropped to a lower position - As a result, the pharynx (cavity above the vocal folds, acts as resonator) became longer increased range and clarity of sounds - Disadvantage: due to lower position of choke on food ability to speak must have outweighed this disadvantage for humans