The CASCADE model is a visual representation of the process of creating quality learning materials. It is anchored by Preliminary Research on one end, and Summative Evaluation on the other. In-between, the design process goes through several cycles that include the preliminary research, and summative evaluation, as well as analysis, design, and formative evaluation activities. The model is expressed as four distinct cycles, understood from top to bottom. Assuming that preliminary research has been conducted and funding is available for the product: