The main contribution of this study is that novel vegetable oilin-water
emulsion cutting fluids formulations have been developed,
which could be used to improve the surface roughness and
cutting force during turning of AISI 4340 steel with coated carbide
tools. The pH values for PKO (10.46) and CSO (10.98) cutting fluids
are within the acceptable level required to avoid corrosion during
machining process and does not pose any health hazard to worker.