When consumers are concerned about certifier trustworthiness, they may view government as a certifier of certifiers. As stated above, FDA advises US consumers to avoid any foreign website and only purchase from NABP-certified website inside the US. If the FDA is the main source of information for a typical US consumer, it implies that NABP is more trustworthy than other certifiers, especially those that certify foreign websites. Since both NABP and LegitScript certify US websites only, NABP endorses the use of LegitScript by domain name registrars, and six of the eight tier-1 websites in our data are certified by both, this implies: