It was slightly shifted to a higherBE at 458.6 eV. This adds further evidence for a shift of electrondensity from the TiO2support to Pt. This kind of electronic inter-action between Pt NP catalysts and TiO2support can modify theelectronic and catalytic properties of metal NPs and leads to theactivation of the dispersed metal. This is supportive for an efficientelectro-catalytic system [35,36]. The increased electron density atPt may facilitate transfer of charge density to anti-bonding orbitalsof chemisorbed oxygen thereby facilitating the O-O bond cleavageprocess during the oxygen reduction reaction.The electrode stability was evaluated by continuously recordingCVs of the Pt/TiO2/FTO electrode (120 s deposition) in N2-saturated0.5 M H2SO4. The Fig. 8a shows a series of CVs of the Pt/TiO2/FTOelectrode (120 s deposition) recorded in N2-saturated 0.5 M H2SO4at a sweep rate of 0.1 V s−1in the potential range of −0.295 V to+1.155 V. In order to clarity, only the first, 200th, 400th, 600thand