It was to overcome the disrupting effects' of factions that, in the
early thirteenth century, most communes established a podesta, that
is, a single executive magistrate, more specifically entrusted both
with judiciary and policing powers. A Genoese chronicler wrote in
1190: "Civil discords and hateful conspiracies and divisions had arisen in
the city on account of the mutual envy of the many men who greatly
wished to hold office as consuls of the commune. So, the sapientes and
councillors of the city met and decided that from the following year
the consulate of the commune should come to an end and they
almost all agreed that they should have a podesta. The most
notable characteristic of the podesta was that he had to come from
outside the city, and preferably not from a neighboring commune,
in order to be "neutral in its discords and conspiracies. The use
of lot in the early Italian communes should primarily be seen in this
light.
It was to overcome the disrupting effects' of factions that, in the
early thirteenth century, most communes established a podesta, that
is, a single executive magistrate, more specifically entrusted both
with judiciary and policing powers. A Genoese chronicler wrote in
1190: "Civil discords and hateful conspiracies and divisions had arisen in
the city on account of the mutual envy of the many men who greatly
wished to hold office as consuls of the commune. So, the sapientes and
councillors of the city met and decided that from the following year
the consulate of the commune should come to an end and they
almost all agreed that they should have a podesta. The most
notable characteristic of the podesta was that he had to come from
outside the city, and preferably not from a neighboring commune,
in order to be "neutral in its discords and conspiracies. The use
of lot in the early Italian communes should primarily be seen in this
light.
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