I foresee Educational Neuroscience (EN) having an important role and influence in a number of areas in the field of Education. Functioning from the top-down, it will influence the theories and philosophies of education and from the bottom-up it will affect how teachers teach and how pedagogies are delivered. There is a similar functionality in the field of Medicine where basic research influences medical theories and clinical practices, while at the same time patients and general practitioners contribute to medical advances from the bottom-up. While this analogy between medicine and education may make many educational researchers uncomfortable in light of the current debate of what constitutes valid scientific educational research (Eisenhart, M. & Towne, L., 2003), I believe it to be particularly insightful. In this paper I will first consider how EN may impact the theory and philosophy of