The dichotomous pooled outcomes were calculated as risk ratios (RRs) using the Mantel- Haenszel statistical method. For the continuous pooled outcomes, mean difference was calculated. Results for our primary analysis, which was a noninferiority analysis, are presented with the upper boundary of the 1-sided 95% CI. We chose 1-sided testing because we know of no physiologic, pharmacologic, or clinical basis on which to postulate that intermittent PPI therapy might be more effective than high-dose bolus plus continuous- infusion PPI therapy. We calculated the absolute risk difference and upper boundary for the 1-sided 95% CI for proportional outcomes, such as rebleeding, by multiplying the incidence of the outcome in the control group by the relative risk increase (or reduction) with the intermittent regimen compared with the control regimen.