Combining one-to-one (1:1) relationships
•Duplicating non-key attributes in one-to-many (1:M) relationships to reduce joins
•Duplicating foreign key attributes in one-to-many (1:M) relationships to reduce joins
•Duplicating attributes in many-to-many (M:N) relationships to reduce joins
•Introducing repeating groups
•Creating extract tables
•Partitioning relationsSeven