of the raw materials [13,14]. In this context, waste cooking oil
(WCO) is considered to be a promising feedstock where the biodiesel
production cost could be effectively reduced to 60e70% by
using this low cost raw material [15]. Moreover, the production of
biodiesel fromWCO will not only avoid the competition of the same
oil resources for food and fuel but will also solve the problems
associated with WCO disposal [16]. Similarly, the cost of catalyst
also contributes enough to the total biodiesel production cost.
Several studies have been made to use waste materials for low cost
catalyst preparation to develop sustainable biodiesel production
process [17].
The aim of the present work is to develop low-cost and efficient
heterogeneous catalyst derived from waste materials (chicken
bones) for biodiesel production from waste cooking oil (WCO) to
promote environmentally friendly biodiesel production process.