Twenty-three items were developed to measure
consumers’ beliefs on mobile services ability to
improve consumer experience at different stages of
the consumer decision-making process as well as
overall shopping experience. Participants were asked
to report mobile services’ impact on various aspects
of their shopping experience when compared to a
shopping experience with no access to mobile
services. They were asked to report their level of
agreement or disagreement with 23 statements
using a 5-point Likert scale. These items were used
to develop the multi-item scales measuring
consumer shopping experience at different stages of