•Around 1527 that a coalition of these ports, led by Demak, defeated Majapahitand established their own independence
•Ayutthaya had been able to take advantage of growing maritime commerce as a result of administrative reorganization under King Trailok(r. 1448-88). A new ministry, the Mahatthai, was established to supervise civil matters and to oversee foreign affairs and trade.
•In the early sixteenth century some Portuguese ranked Ayutthaya with the most powerful continental empires in