3. Results and discussion
3.1. Experiment 1
Table 1 presents the values that were determined for the
breads added chia flour and analyzed as responses in the experimental
design, showing that the models were predictive of the
SV, hue angle and total score values. This finding meant that only
these responses were significantly different due to the addition of
chia flour and the reduction of the hydrogenated vegetable fat
content.
Appendix presents the values for the parameters used to validate
the mathematical models obtained in Experiment 1. Based on
the equations that corresponded to the significant and predictive
mathematical models, itwas found that the added fat had a positive
effect on the specific volume and the total score for the technological
features of the loaves. Adding chia flour had a negative effect
on the specific volume, the hue angle and the total score. Fig. 1
shows the contour curves of predictive models of the parameters
evaluated in bread obtained in Experiment 1.
The SV of the loaves ranged from 2.59 to 3.45 cm3/g. In Experiment
1, according to Fig. 1A, regardless of the fat content (0e3 g/
100 g of flour) and with the lower concentrations of chia flour
(approximately 2e8 g/100 g), the loaves attained a high SV. This
result reflects the use of the mixed flours in the formulation.
Pizarro, Almeida, Samman, and Chang (2013) studied the effect of
incorporating different amounts of chia flour and hydrogenated
vegetable fat on the technological quality of cakes and found that