This paper analyses the impact of both human resource and production management strategies as drivers of productivity in SMEs operating in the textiles industry in Africa. The main aim of the study was to determine the extend to which the development and implementation of human resource management strategies and production management strategies jointly contribute to productivity improvements in this sector, and what SMEs in this sector need to focus on in order to enhance their productivity, and hence their global competitiveness. The analysis was conducted within the garment manufacturing sector of the textiles industry of Lesotho, a developing country in the south-east of Africa. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]