The current rule of thumb for internet ser- vices is an average capacity of 25-50kbps per user in the aggregation network. Looking ahead, however, it is estimated that capaci- ty must be increased at least 25- to 50-fold. What is more, apart from the challenge of merely increasing capacity, one must add ca- pacity for QoS-enabled traffic. Ethernet is thus the only truly cost-effective option for increasing capacity. Notwithstanding, even more advanced Ethernet designs are re- quired to support the high capacity of QoS- enabled traffic.