Case study 1: time bu w ers: The " rst case study repre-
sented a time measurement of the production and deliv-
ery process in a supply chain for concrete fac 7 ade elements
in a housing project (Table 2). Time bu ! ers appeared to
be mainly located in between the sub-processes; separat-
ing the sub-processes in order to cope with variability
and non-synchronicity on either side of the bu ! ers. The
time bu ! ers had a large impact on the build-up of time in
the total process (Fig. 4).
Case study 2: controllability problems: The second case
study represented an analysis of controllability problems
in the production and delivery process for composite
fac 7 ade elements preceded by planning, engineering and
bargaining activities in a housing project (Table 2). The
controllability problems appeared to stem often from
earlier activities in the chain process performed by prior
actors (Fig. 5).
Case study 3: traditional trading: The third case study
represented an analysis of extra costs made for site logis-
tics due to bargaining practices in an o $ ce building
project. The extra costs are compared to the purchase
price and average market price of the materials observed
(Table 2). The data has been arranged in a descending
sequence of the relative purchase price of the materials
observed. In general, it appeared that the lower the
purchase price was the higher the extra costs for site
logistics (Fig. 6). In this case, the extra costs varied from
40% of the purchase price (i.e. 50% of the average market
price: material 10) up to about 250% of the purchase
price (i.e. 200% of the average market price: material 27).
For instance, the order for material 27 (sand-lime
bricks) came on pallets that were far too large and heavy
to get them with any ease all the way up using the
elevator and through the building. In addition, the heavy
weight of the pallets made it impossible to move the
bricks around on the # oors of the building. Therefore,
one man had to spend approximately 50% of his time
manually carrying the bricks across the # oor to the
location where the bricks had to be put in place.
Case study 1: time bu w ers: The " rst case study repre-sented a time measurement of the production and deliv-ery process in a supply chain for concrete fac 7 ade elementsin a housing project (Table 2). Time bu ! ers appeared tobe mainly located in between the sub-processes; separat-ing the sub-processes in order to cope with variabilityand non-synchronicity on either side of the bu ! ers. Thetime bu ! ers had a large impact on the build-up of time inthe total process (Fig. 4).Case study 2: controllability problems: The second casestudy represented an analysis of controllability problemsin the production and delivery process for compositefac 7 ade elements preceded by planning, engineering andbargaining activities in a housing project (Table 2). Thecontrollability problems appeared to stem often fromearlier activities in the chain process performed by prioractors (Fig. 5).Case study 3: traditional trading: The third case studyrepresented an analysis of extra costs made for site logis-tics due to bargaining practices in an o $ ce buildingproject. The extra costs are compared to the purchaseprice and average market price of the materials observed(Table 2). The data has been arranged in a descendingsequence of the relative purchase price of the materialsobserved. In general, it appeared that the lower thepurchase price was the higher the extra costs for sitelogistics (Fig. 6). In this case, the extra costs varied from40% of the purchase price (i.e. 50% of the average marketprice: material 10) up to about 250% of the purchaseprice (i.e. 200% of the average market price: material 27).For instance, the order for material 27 (sand-limebricks) came on pallets that were far too large and heavyto get them with any ease all the way up using theelevator and through the building. In addition, the heavyweight of the pallets made it impossible to move thebricks around on the # oors of the building. Therefore,one man had to spend approximately 50% of his timemanually carrying the bricks across the # oor to thelocation where the bricks had to be put in place.
การแปล กรุณารอสักครู่..
