2.1. Samples
Brand new (virgin) and recycle toner cartridges (Color: black) were used. Toners, which were available widely in
Japan, were bought and used for the tests. Fig.1 shows examples of SEM picture of new toner, emulsion type, which
were obtained from manufacturer which were much more spherical and uniform (L/W= ca 1.2) than those of
recycled toner powder(L/W= ca 1.6) which we used in previous paper [1,2]. All are for black color, and two were
re-used toner, and two were brand-new. Here, first two toners are called Toner C, Toner E, respectively, and second
two are called Toner R and Toner F.