It is important to understand that perspective-taking is exclusively the process of taking an alternate point-of-view. For example, one can perspective-take a fellow individual’s thoughts and feelings. However, the perspective-taking process does not necessarily lead to feelings of empathy. Rather, that determination may be made after the perspective-taking process has concluded. To demonstrate this point, Davis[6] cites 18th century Scottish philosopher Adam Smith and 19th century British anthropologist and sociologist Herbert Spencer. Both Smith and Spencer wrote about perspective-taking as a "cognitive, intellectual reaction" and empathy as a "visceral, emotional reaction" (p. 113). Because this differentiation is commonly overlooked, perspective-taking is frequently conflated with empathy. For this reason, the use of perspective-taking and empathy as synonyms is decidedly prevalent within the scientific literature