We often use two metaphors to clarify the change process.45 The calm waters metaphor envisions the organization as a large ship crossing a calm sea. The ship’s captain and crew know exactly where they are going because they have made the trip many times before. Change surfaces as the occasional storm, a brief distraction in an other- wise calm and predictable trip. The white-water rapids metaphor pictures the organization as a small raft navigating a raging river with uninterrupted white-water rapids. Aboard the raft are a half dozen people who have never worked together before, who are totally unfamiliar with the river, who are unsure of their eventual destination, and who, as if things weren’t bad enough, are traveling in the pitch-dark night. In the white-water rapids metaphor, change is a natural state, and managing change is a continual process.