amount sanctioned cannot be exceeded by the administration. Thus the executive can exercise continuous control over the administration through financial regulation.
• The personnel requirements of the department are determined by the Executive. Executive lays down the general principles for recruitment of the civil service. The recruitment to the higher posts in a department is the Executive prerogative. The ministers select their own Secretaries and Deputy Secretaries. The Chief Executive has the overall power to appoint and remove the public servants till they remain in power during the pleasure of the President.
• Delegated legislation is another form of Executive control over public officials. The Parliament generally passes the law in the skeleton form and details are filled up by the executive departments. Further the Chief Executive has the power to issue ordinances when the parliament is not in session and they are as authoritative and powerful as an act passed by the legislature. This executive power can be effectively used to lay down the rules and regulations of the administrative action.
Check your Progress:
• How does executive exercises control over administration?
8.2: JUDICIAL CONTROL OVER ADMINISTRATION:
8.2.1 Introduction :
Public administration exercises a large volume of power to meet the citizens need in modern democratic welfare state. Today administration is not concerned with only pure administrative function but also involved with a large number of quasi-legislative and quasi-judicial functions. In this respect they have a number of chances to become arbitrary or master of the citizens. So it is very necessary to control them. By judicial control is meant the power of the courts to examine the Legality of the officials act and thereby to safeguard the fundamental and other essential rights of the citizens. The underlying object of judicial review is to ensure that the authority does not abuse its power and the individual receives just and fair treatment and not to ensure that the authority reaches a conclusion, which is correct in the eye of law. It comprises the power of a court to hold unconstitutional and unenforceable any law or order based upon such law or any other action by a public authority which is inconsistent or in conflict with the basic law of the land The role of judiciary in protecting the citizens against the excesses of officials has become all the more important with the increase in the powers and discretion of the public officials in the modern welfare states. But the courts cannot interfere in the administrative activities of their own accord. They can intervene only when they are invited to do so by any person who feels that his