This paper is organized as follows. Section 2 explains in some detail how cell phones are retired, collected, and recycled or reused. Sections 3.1 to 3.3 present and analyze the economics of the main end-of-use management processes, which are reverse logistics, recycling, and reuse.
Section 3.4 discusses the resulting business model of cell phone take-back enterprises, while Section 3.5 explains the issue of displaced production. Section 4 contains conclusions and suggests future research.