The rheological properties of the muffin batters were studied using an AR G2 controlled-stress rheometer (TA Instruments,Crawley, UK). The batters were all kept at 25 C for 60 min after
batter preparation before the rheological test. The samples were allowed to rest in the measurement cell for a 25 min equilibrationtime. A 40-mm diameter plateeplate sensor geometry with
a serrated surface and a 1-mm gap was employed.