For example, institutional investors in the UK
became involved in the Extractive Industry
Transparency Initiative , which encourages oil,
gas and mining companies to publish what
they pay to host countries for licenses to
extract natural resources. They did so because
they believed that reducing the potential for
corruption among host countries would
increase the political and social stability of
such countries, which in turn would reduce
the financial risks to portfolio companies of
necessary long-term infrastructure investments
(Williams, 2004).