3.4. Water vapor permeability (WVP) and water contact angle (CA)
The WVP of the carrageenan and carrageenan-based nanocomposite
films are also shown in Table 2. The WVP of the neat carrageenan
film was 1.29 × 10−9 g·m/m2·Pa·s, but it decreased significantly
(p < 0.05) after blending with nanofillers. The WVP of carrageenan/
clay mineral nanocomposite film was lower than that of carrageenan/
AgNP nanocomposite film, and the WVP of nanocomposite film blending
with both nanofillers was in-between. This is presumably because of the difference in the shape or structure of nanofillers, i.e., layered
plate-like structure of the clay mineral and spherical shape of the
AgNPs.