Poaching pressures may seriously lower the infant-to-female ratio by affecting birth rates and disturbing the demographic structure, inhibiting the long-term survival of elephants [46, 47]. The skewed ratios of adult female to young may be due to heavy poaching pressures over a long period of time in the BRT. Likewise the 1:4.1 adult male to adult female ratio in BRT also reflectssevere poaching on male elephants as the normal male to female ratios for elephants are considered to be 1:1.87 and 1:1.85 as reported for Rajajai National Park of India [48] and Ruhuna National Park of Sri Lanka [49] respectively.