Materials and Methods
Collection of Plant Materials
The leaves of the Piper betle were collected from the foot of Sierra Madre Mountain Range in
the Municipality of General Nakar, Quezon province, Philippines with the following geographical
coordinates: 14°47'14.5"N 121°34'06.2"E. Collection was done from September 2014 to
November 2014. These were taken from P. betle trees growing abundantly in the backyards of
the local residents belonging to a small community after the proper consent was secured from
the owners of the lands. The identity of the plant was authenticated at the Herbarium of the
Institute of Biology, University of the Philippines-Diliman, Quezon City. The leaves were
washed thoroughly and then air-dried in room temperature for seven days, finely powdered
and stored in a sterile airtight container for further use.