Validations have done for both of the results from active and
passive microwave remote sensing. For result from active
microwave remote sensing, a reliability of R = 0.8, P < 0.05 was
obtained between estimated primary thaw date and the date
when consecutive days’ average air temperature keeping
positive values; and R = 0.85, P < 0.05 was obtained in result
from passive microwave remote sensing with comparison
between estimated onset/offset of the thaw and field measured
soil thaw event. And the soil moisture model was validated by
comparison with the ground truth with root mean square error
(RMSE) of 4.101.69 mm. Such reliabilities were strongly
enhanced our confidence in making the further analysis.