Hundreds of market experiments have demonstrated the remarkable ability of unsophisticated subjects to discover equilibrium states, and to track exogenous changes in these states over time in repeat interaction with small numbers under private information. Yet the mental processes that explicate this skill are unavailable to those who demonstrate the ability, are inadequately modeled, and understood only as empirical phenomena. For example it is well documented that individual incentives and the rules of market institutions matter in determining the speed and completeness of equilibrium convergence, but it is unknown how the brain’s decision algorithms create these dynamic outcomes. Can neuroeconomics contribute to an understanding of how uncomprehending individual brains connect with each other through rules to solve the market equilibrium problem and in this process create wealth through specialization? Lab experiments, betting markets, many information markets, and some futures markets demonstrate how effective people are at efficiently aggregating dispersed information. We also have the puzzle that, under both the explicit property right rules of the market order and the mutual consent reciprocity norms of the social order, the individual must give in order to receive in exchange. However, this insight is not part of the individual’s perception. The individual, who perceives social as well as self-betterment through cooperation in personal exchange with others, does not naturally see the same mechanism operating in impersonal market settings. Yet individuals in concert with others create both the norms of personal exchange and the institutions of market exchange. In closing, it is evident that there is mystery aplenty across the spectrum of individual, social, and market decision to challenge the discovery techniques of neuroeconimcs. However, to meet that challenge I believe we must be open to the exploration of assumptions that underpin theory and experiment. I am optimistic about this prospect and how it may contribute to future understanding.