In opposition to the objectivity of modernity, these traditions valued the personal, contextual, social, and values-based. Mobility also diversified communication and, in the process, languages and genres. It questioned our self-assuredness that the norms of languages, literacies, and genres could be uniformly defined for all learners. Technology played no small role in moving communication beyond a simple reliance on utilitarian language to combining different multimodal features, such as semiotic systems, modalities, and physio-affective resources.