Although the need to provide integrated,
multidisciplinary services is clear,
the numerous specific treatments that
are in use or in development need to be
tested regarding their individual effectiveness
and their effectiveness in combination
(Drake et al. 2001). For example,
specific individual, group, family, and
self-help approaches to integrated treatment
are described in the literature, but
few studies validate or compare these
different approaches. Similar comments
pertain to potential psychopharmacologic
treatments and to approaches to
psychiatric rehabilitation. Several retrospective
studies indicate that the antipsychotic
medication clozapine may be
particularly helpful to patients with
schizophrenia and AUD, but the
mechanisms of action for the effects on
both illnesses are unclear, and controlled
research is needed to establish the efficacy
and effectiveness of this treatment
(Green et al. 1999).