Many prohibitions applying to horizontal agreements that have been included in the law refer to
specific forms of conducts, specific market structures and specific circumstances.51 At best, this
structure is complex and makes it hard for business actors to understand their rights and
obligations and all the detailed requirements. The absence of a general provision prohibiting anticompetitive
agreements may, in turn, give rise to unproductive litigation about exactly which of
the provisions is relevant in a given case and whether the detailed specifics of the provision are
met, rather than a focus on the simple, central question of whether there has been an agreement
with an anticompetitive outcome.