2. Methods
2.1. Design: this was a descriptive, exploratory study using survey methods
2.1.1. Subject and setting
Subjects were recruited by purposive sampling of parents with 0- to 4-year-old children in eight metropolitan community health centers in the central district of Taiwan. A total of 475 surveys were distributed; 470 were returned (98.9%) and 30 incomplete surveys were excluded for a 97.3% (n = 445) completion rate.
2.2. Instruments
Thesurvey instrument was developed from a synthesized litera- ture review of first aid.Theinstrument consistedof 37 itemsdivided into three subscales. The first subscale consisted of knowledge of first aid, including trauma, scalds and burns, choking, poisoning, and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). This subscale contained 25 questions scored true or false, with a higher score indicating a better level of first aid knowledge. The second subscale focused on parents’ self-efficacy regarding first aid (the degree of confi- dence in managing first aid). A 12-item, five-point Likert scale was constructed, with 4 indicating ‘very sure (100% certainty)’ and 0 indicating ‘not sure (0% certainty)’. Higher scores indicated bet- ter confidence regarding first aid. The third subscale consisted of demographic data, including age, education, participation in a previous first aid program, and experience of first aid. The ques- tionnaire required approximately 15 min to complete.
The instrument’s readability, accuracy, and adaptability were adequateas determined by an expert paneland pilot test. Themem- bers of the expert panel included one scholar in pediatric nursing,