Most cognitive science research on inference, problem solving, and language has developed psychological rather than neurological explanations. But progress is rapidly being made on neural explanations of high-level thinking, and I will give only a few examples. John Anderson is a psychologist well known for his computational models of problem solving, and he has increasingly tied these models to the operations of particular brain areas. Vinod Goel has used brain scanning to identify neuroanatomical correlates of high-level reasoning. Jerome Feldman has proposed a neural theory of the learning and application of language.