There were two causes of neck and back pain. First,
pain was caused by the die-bonding and wire-bonding
monitors being located 25 ± 10 cm above the horizontal
eye levels of workers, which is not ergonomically
friendly.Workers are required to raise their heads
and look closely at the monitors to adjust the process
parameters precisely. This awkward posture results in
neck and back pain. Second, there is a requirement to
pay close attention to ensure precise placement of lead
frames (up to 40 frames per batch) to guarantee good
bonding and indexing processes. These two processes
require workers to check, verify, and record on the lot
traveler (document attached to the production batch,
used to record the process parameter, time, yield, and
events during the process). These findings are also congruent
with those from the studies by Bergqvist and
Knave (1994), Bergqvist and colleagues (1995), and
H¨unting and colleagues (1981) in which it was found
that visual discomfort andmusculoskeletal discomfort,
particularly in the neck and shoulders, are occupational
health concerns for people who work with computers.
Similar effects forMalaysian computer users have been
demonstrated by Sen and Richardson (2007).