resultsThe results of the analysis are framed as program planning issues likely to be considered important by language program designers.Program issue 1: should a training program be intensive or extensive?in order to examine this issue, we model pre-test TOEIC total scores, hours of classroom instruction, weeks of instruction, and the intensity of instruction calculated as hours per week.Table 1j compositeprediction of TOEIC total test score (Japan)Prediction SetR2 contrast chi-square1) all variables .7281 2) drop Wks,Int .7281 1vs2 n.s.3) drop Hrs,Wks,Int .7268 1vs3 p<.02all variables= L1,R1,weeks,hours,intensity. N=1416discussion of 1j. it appears for the Japanese data set that the intensity of intensity does not have a significant on gains. As in other research on language program impacts (Saegusa, 1986; Ross, 2000) , the duration of language study (hours) is the major controlling influence on the rate of improvement. It appears that organizing the training program to be highly intensive does not lead to a better outcome than a longer, less intensive program.
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