while two species have medium-sized seeds (< 7 mm width) falling well within the gape-size range of many frugivorous birds. We use these tree species to test the following hypotheses: (1) Tree species with small- to medium-sized seeds have many disperser species and higher rates of disperser visitation and seed removal than large-seeded ones becausesmallerseedsizepermitsbirdswithbothsmalland large gape widths to eat them. Consequently,