Based on the nature of the lead firm, two broad types of global commodity chain can be identified: ‘producer-driven’ and ‘buyer-driven’ chains. In ‘producer-driven chains’, manufacturers ‘drive’ the chain forward through their control of technological capabilities and suppliers' activities. Typical of the producer-driven chains are capital-intensive industries that feature vertically integrated subsidiaries of leading MNEs, like those found in automobiles and electronics. In contrast, industries characteristic of the buyer-driven chain often spring from lighter-manufacturing sectors (apparel being the classic one), whose lower level of technological sophistication allows its production to be subcontracted to independent firms in far-flung corners of the world under the control of brand name retailers. Proponents of the GVC concept argue that the nature of the chain's ‘governance structure’ is a crucial factor that determines how firms from developing countries can ‘catch up’ and ‘upgrade’ within global industries. The main goal of lead firms is not necessarily to promote the upgrading of local firms in developing economies.