CHAPTER 8. INSTRUMENTS AND EQUIPMENT
8.1 Required instruments and equipment
The aeroplane shall be provided with approved instruments and equipment necessary for the safe operation of the aero- plane in the anticipated operating conditions. These shall include the instruments and equipment necessary to enable the crew to operate the aeroplane within its operating limitations.
Note 1.— Instruments and equipment additional to the minimum necessary for the issuance of a Certificate of Airworthiness are prescribed in Annex 6, Parts I and II, for particular circumstances or on particular kinds of routes.
Note 2.— Instruments and equipment design shall observe Human Factors principles.
Note 3.— Guidance material on Human Factors principles can be found in the Human Factors Training Manual (Doc 9683) and in the Human Factors Guidelines for Air Traffic Management (ATM) Systems (Doc 9758).
8.2 Installation
Instrument and equipment installations shall comply with the Standards of Chapter 4.
8.3 Safety and survival equipment
Prescribed safety and survival equipment that the crew or passengers are expected to use or operate at the time of an emergency shall be reliable, readily accessible and easily identified, and its method of operation shall be plainly marked.
*8.4 Navigation lights and anti-collision lights
8.4.1 The lights required by Annex 2 to be displayed by aeroplanes in flight or operating on the movement area of an aerodrome shall have intensities, colours, fields of coverage and other characteristics such that they furnish the pilot of another aircraft or personnel on the ground with as much time as possible for interpretation and for subsequent manoeuvre necessary to avoid a collision. In the design of such lights, due account shall be taken of the conditions under which they may reasonably be expected to perform these functions.
Note 1.— It is likely that lights will be viewed against a variety of backgrounds, such as typical city lighting, clear starry sky, moonlit water and daytime conditions of low background luminance. Furthermore, collision risk situations are most likely to arise in terminal control areas in which aircraft are manoeuvring in the intermediate and lower flight levels at closing speeds that are unlikely to exceed 900 km/h (500 kt).
Note 2.— See the Airworthiness Manual (Doc 9760, Volume II, Part A) for detailed technical specifications for exterior lights for aeroplanes.
8.4.2 Lights shall be installed in aeroplanes so as to minimize the possibility that they will:
a) adversely affect the satisfactory performance of the flight crews’ duties; or
b) subject an outside observer to harmful dazzle.
Note.— In order to avoid the effects mentioned in 8.4.2, it will be necessary in some cases to provide means whereby the pilot can switch off or reduce the intensity of the flashing lights.
* Please refer to 1.1.2 of this part.
CHAPTER 8. INSTRUMENTS AND EQUIPMENT8.1 Required instruments and equipmentThe aeroplane shall be provided with approved instruments and equipment necessary for the safe operation of the aero- plane in the anticipated operating conditions. These shall include the instruments and equipment necessary to enable the crew to operate the aeroplane within its operating limitations.Note 1.— Instruments and equipment additional to the minimum necessary for the issuance of a Certificate of Airworthiness are prescribed in Annex 6, Parts I and II, for particular circumstances or on particular kinds of routes.Note 2.— Instruments and equipment design shall observe Human Factors principles.Note 3.— Guidance material on Human Factors principles can be found in the Human Factors Training Manual (Doc 9683) and in the Human Factors Guidelines for Air Traffic Management (ATM) Systems (Doc 9758).8.2 InstallationInstrument and equipment installations shall comply with the Standards of Chapter 4.8.3 Safety and survival equipmentPrescribed safety and survival equipment that the crew or passengers are expected to use or operate at the time of an emergency shall be reliable, readily accessible and easily identified, and its method of operation shall be plainly marked.*8.4 Navigation lights and anti-collision lights8.4.1 The lights required by Annex 2 to be displayed by aeroplanes in flight or operating on the movement area of an aerodrome shall have intensities, colours, fields of coverage and other characteristics such that they furnish the pilot of another aircraft or personnel on the ground with as much time as possible for interpretation and for subsequent manoeuvre necessary to avoid a collision. In the design of such lights, due account shall be taken of the conditions under which they may reasonably be expected to perform these functions.Note 1.— It is likely that lights will be viewed against a variety of backgrounds, such as typical city lighting, clear starry sky, moonlit water and daytime conditions of low background luminance. Furthermore, collision risk situations are most likely to arise in terminal control areas in which aircraft are manoeuvring in the intermediate and lower flight levels at closing speeds that are unlikely to exceed 900 km/h (500 kt).Note 2.— See the Airworthiness Manual (Doc 9760, Volume II, Part A) for detailed technical specifications for exterior lights for aeroplanes.8.4.2 Lights shall be installed in aeroplanes so as to minimize the possibility that they will:a) adversely affect the satisfactory performance of the flight crews’ duties; orb) subject an outside observer to harmful dazzle.Note.— In order to avoid the effects mentioned in 8.4.2, it will be necessary in some cases to provide means whereby the pilot can switch off or reduce the intensity of the flashing lights.* Please refer to 1.1.2 of this part.
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