Concepts
The digital broadcasting signal is non-rival, there is no distortion in its quality from many simultaneous viewers, but is excludable by the decoder requirement. Government or the nominated regulator has maintained control over the radio spectrum either in the allocation process or in the content and has allowed the licensed broadcasters to exploit their rights for profit maximization. The right to use bandwidth, i.e. the license, is tradable and has a
secondary market for trading after the official allocation or auction. Thus, the signal cannot qualify as a public good.