1. Introduction
Understanding high impedance fault (HIF) phenomenon,
including its physical and electrical aspects, would help the power
systemprotectionengineers developmore intuitive detectiontechniques.
There have been several partial review articles on different
aspects of the HIF [1–3]. Prasad et al. compared the efficiency of
four low impedance fault detection techniques in detecting HIF [4].
Moreover, Li et al. reviewed some of the HIF detection techniques
before 2000 [5]. The purpose of this article, on the other hand, is
to provide a systematic, up-to-date, and comprehensive review of
the HIF phenomenon. The remainder of this paper is organized as
follows:
In the rest of this section, HIF’s definition and characteristics are
introduced. Section 2 is dedicated to discuss how to divide each
HIF detection technique into three separate components which
enables the analysis and evaluation of the existing techniques. In
Section 3, different aspects of HIF detection techniques are studied
in detail, based on the analysis tools provided in Section 2. In
Section 4, nine criteria that are capable of evaluating and comparing
the HIF detection techniques are discussed. Sections 5 and 6
are dedicated to discussing the HIF location technique and modeling
techniques, respectively. Detailed discussion of the existing HIF
detection techniques is presented in Section 7. The possible future
of HIF detection technique is demonstrated in Section 8. Section 9
draws the conclusion of this work.