The damping factor is typically in the range 0.4 to 0.8 since smaller values give an excessive overshoot and a large number of oscillations before the system settles down. Larger values render the system sluggish since they increase the response time. Though, in some systems where no overshoot can be tolerated, a high value of damping factor may have to be used. Figure 4.4 shows the effect on the response of a second order system of a change of damping factor when the natural angular frequency remains unchanged.